Ferrous Sulphate Powder: Properties, Uses, and Safety Considerations Ferrous sulphate powder, also known as iron(II) sulphate, is a chemical compound with the formula FeSO₄. It appears as a pale green or blue-green crystalline powder, depending on its hydration state. The most common form is the heptahydrate (FeSO₄·7H₂O), which is highly soluble in water and has a characteristic metallic, astringent taste. When exposed to air, it gradually oxidizes, turning yellowish-brown due to the formation of ferric sulphate. Chemical and Physical Properties Ferrous sulphate powder is an inorganic salt composed of iron in the +2 oxidation state, sulphate anions, and water molecules (in hydrated forms). Key properties include: - Molecular Weight: 278.02 g/mol (heptahydrate) - Solubility: Highly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol. - Melting Point: Decomposes at around 60–70°C, losing water molecules. - pH: Acidic in aqueous solutions due to hydrolysis. - Reactivity: Acts as a reducing agent, reacting with oxidizing agents. Applications 1. Nutritional Supplement Ferrous sulphate is widely used to treat or prevent iron-deficiency anemia. It provides bioavailable iron necessary for hemoglobin synthesis, supporting oxygen transport in the blood. 2. Agriculture In agriculture, it serves as a soil amendment to correct iron deficiencies in crops. It also helps lower soil pH in alkaline soils and combats moss growth in lawns. 3. Water Treatment It is employed in wastewater treatment to precipitate phosphates, reducing eutrophication. Additionally, it aids in odor control and sludge conditioning. 4. Industrial Uses - As a reducing agent in chemical processes. - In the manufacture of inks, dyes, and pigments (e.g., iron gall ink). - For wood preservation and as a mordant in textile dyeing. 5. Laboratory Reagent Used in analytical chemistry for redox titrations and as a precursor for other iron compounds. Safety and Handling While beneficial, ferrous sulphate powder requires careful handling: - Health Risks: Ingestion of large doses can cause nausea, abdominal pain, or iron toxicity. Dust inhalation may irritate the respiratory tract. - Storage: Keep in airtight containers away from moisture and oxidizing agents to prevent degradation. - Environmental Impact: Excess release into water bodies can harm aquatic life. Conclusion Ferrous sulphate powder is a versatile compound with critical roles in health, agriculture, and industry. Proper usage ensures its benefits while minimizing risks. Always follow safety guidelines when handling this chemical.